no car or an automobile, also known as a car or a char in North America or, moreprecisely, a car is wheeled motor vehicle powered by an engine intended for the transportation of persons and small objects.
The automobile is a means of transport among the most widespread, its capacity isusually two to five people, but can vary from one to nine seats.
Use limit employment of automobile vehicles of dimensions less than that of busesand trucks, but sometimes includes light-duty trucks. Although "motor" vehicles,motorcycles are not usually classified in this category
Etymology
The term "automobile" is originally an adjective from of the concatenation of a Greekprefix, αὐτός (oneself), and a latin suffix, mobilis (mobile). It was created when the invention first "cars without horses" because they were equipped with an engine withsource energy onboard while others 'cars', stagecoaches, carriages, sleighs, carts andother land vehicles were powered by horses (horse) or one or oxen.
The 'motor vehicle' noun is attested around 1890, but his kind, today only feminine,long remained for linguists an open topic. The Académie Française is pronounced in1901 for the genus feminin3, but controversy not extinguished until well after themale being attested from time to time until 19442.
The term overwhelmingly used in France to refer to a car is "car", much more rarely'auto '. Almost never "automobile", which appears as outdated. Due to its widedistribution and its use in the most diverse environments, automotive is today calledby many names, familiar or slang such as auto, car, clunker as well as caisse, tire, Jew's harp, banger, francophone cart in Europe and minoune in North America. Note thatchar is the only term used in Canadian french and that is not an anglicism.
Technique
The principle of the automobile is to place on a chassis rolling a Powertrain and allaccessories required for its operation. These elements are controlled by the driver viacommands, often in the form of a steering wheel and pedals.
Chassis supports and brings together all the components of the automobile. Thechassis is mounted on four wheels, two of which are guidelines, allowing its mobility.Suspensions as they realize an elastic connection between the chassis and the wheels.A body, partly glazed, constituting a closed cockpit fitted with seats, allows thetransport of people sitting in all weather.
Automobiles are generally propelled by an engine internal combustion, one or severalelectrical motors can also work together with the combustion engine, or even replaceit. The mechanical power provided by the engine is transmitted to the wheels througha gearbox and of the organs of transmission. A tank allows the storage of the fuelnecessary for the operation of the engine, while a battery, recharged by a generatordriven by the thermal engine, powers the electrical components.
Control instruments and commands such as the steering wheel, the pedals, the speedometer or tachometer, allow the operation of the automobile. Finally, theelements of comfort (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, radio, etc.) and security(lights, ABS, etc.) are props in ever-increasing numbers.
History
The first automobiles produced and marketed are (the obedient Amédée Bollée in18739) steam and the first prototypes using the new less bulky engines in the mid-1880s under the impetus of a french engineer Édouard Delamare-Debouteville and aGerman engineer Gottlieb Daimler. At the same time, the development of knowledgerelated to the electricity leads to the achievement of the first electric cars: there arethus three modes of propulsion in competition at the turn of the 20th century. Steamis quickly supplanted and the rapid development of the performance of electric cars isstopped by the lack of significant progress in energy storage, therefore the internalcombustion engine which takes precedence over other modes of propulsion. Thistime is the race to speed, and it is primarily the electric car which is illustrated (thenever satisfied is the first to cross the 100 km/h mark in 189910) prior to besupplanted by the internal combustion engine car. It is also the time of birth of thefirst automotive competitions, as Paris-Rouen in 1894. The car remains a luxury, usebinding, used on totally inadequate infrastructure product.
The history of the car has been born and live trades. At this point in the story, build acar was a collective affair in which bodybuilders, but also wheelwrights, locksmiths,malletier, saddlers-decorators, leatherwork, platers and painters were involvedtogether. Everything was custom-made, bodies which adapting to the chassis throughthe seats or baggage stowed in the rear for the first voyages.
The beetle, the best-selling car in the world
A Mercedes - Benz 300 SL, emblematic model of the years 1950-1960.
Two factors will contribute to its development: progressive coating of roads in townthen in campaign to facilitate the use of bicycles and cars, and the development ofnew methods of production (Taylorism, Fordism), leading to the first mass-producedcar, the Ford T. It definitely raises the footprint of the car on the 20th century society.Innovations occur then, but no fundamental conceptual change. Outline of currentseries motor are drawn by Lancia in 1922 with the Lambda self-supporting body andindependent front suspension, Chrysler in 1934 with the Airflow which introducedaerodynamics into motor series, Citroën and the development of the Traction Avantfrom 1934, then the introduction of the disc brakes on the DS in 1955, or evenPorsche with the gearbox to the 356 cone Synchronizers
